out of 3-D blocks. Swedish founder Markus Persson began developing the game in 2009 and officially released it in 2011. Minecraft is geared toward a wide audience. However, elementary school children through those in their mid-teens particularly enjoy playing it. By 2016 Minecraft was the second highest seller in video game history, behind Tetris. (Tetris allows players to rotate falling blocks strategically to clear levels.)
Persson first developed Minecraft as a computer game. Since then, however, it has been adapted for mobile devices, Xbox, and PlayStation. In Minecraft, players create their own game rather than follow the game plan of the developer. The game has few instructions or rules. To make up for the lack of guidance, players have set up online forums to discuss the game. Some also have made YouTube videos with tips on how to play. These actions have helped to spread the game’s popularity.
Minecraft is a creative game that focuses on building. Everything is made from blocks and looks cartoonlike. The blocks are made of various materials—such as stone, wood, dirt, or ore—that the players mine or collect after they detonate explosives. The players can play by themselves or join with others in building a communal world. They build a world from scratch, including buildings, clouds, and other parts of the natural environment. They can choose different modes in which to play, such as creative or survival. In creative mode, the players have unlimited resources to use, can go where they want, and cannot be injured. In contrast, in survival mode, the players start with nothing. They need to collect resources and make tools. In addition, they can weaken or die from such misfortunes as starvation, accidents, or attacks. The players can also increase or decrease the level of difficulty based on their abilities.
Although Minecraft players create their own world, they may come into contact with game-generated roaming characters. These include villagers as well as farm animals such as pigs and cows. Unfriendly characters that players may encounter include zombies, skeletons, witches, and spiders. The players can fight and kill these monsters. However, all conflicts can be avoided by adjusting the settings on the game. The game does not contain graphic violence.
While Minecraft was on its way to becoming successful, Persson founded Mojang, a software company based in Stockholm, Sweden. In 2014 Microsoft acquired Mojang for $2.5 billion. Two years later Microsoft obtained the educational branch of Minecraft. Minecraft: Education Edition is designed to enhance the school curriculum as a supplement to class lessons. It includes lesson plans for teachers in multiple subjects, including coding, history, geography, and math. Examples of tasks include building an Egyptian pyramid, solving math puzzles, and devising a plan to colonize Mars. These activities are intended to encourage creativity, problem-solving skills, and teamwork. Multiple schools around the world—including in the United States, Australia, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom—have incorporated these lessons into the curriculum.
In 2010 Mojang began an annual Minecraft convention. In 2017 executives turned it into an interactive livestream event.